Report on a Boston University Conference December 7-8, 2012 on 'How Can the History and Philosophy of Science Contribute to Contemporary U.S. Science Teaching?'

This is an editorial report on the outcomes of an international conference sponsored by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (REESE-1205273) to the School of Education at Boston University and the Center for Philosophy and History of Science at Boston University for a conference titled: How Can the History and Philosophy of Science Contribute to Contemporary U.S. Science Teaching? The presentations of the conference speakers and the reports of the working groups are reviewed. Multiple themes emerged for K-16 education from the perspective of the history and philosophy of science. Key ones were that: students need to understand that central to science is argumentation, criticism, and analysis; students should be educated to appreciate science as part of our culture; students should be educated to be science literate; what is meant by the nature of science as discussed in much of the science education literature must be broadened to accommodate a science literacy that includes preparation for socioscientific issues; teaching for science literacy requires the development of new assessment tools; and, it is difficult to change what science teachers do in their classrooms. The principal conclusions drawn by the editors are that: to prepare students to be citizens in a participatory democracy, science education must be embedded in a liberal arts education; science teachers alone cannot be expected to prepare students to be scientifically literate; and, to educate students for scientific literacy will require a new curriculum that is coordinated across the humanities, history/social studies, and science classrooms.Comment: Conference funded by NSF grant REESE-1205273. 31 page

Interfacial pattern formation far from equilibrium

Over the past few years diffusion-controlled systems have been shown to share a common set of interfacial morphologies. The singular nature of the microscopic dynamics of surface tension and kinetic growth far from equilibrium are critical to morphology selection, with special importance attributed to the anisotropy of these effects. The morphologies which develop can be organized via a morphology diagram according to the driving force and the effective anisotropy. We focus on the properties of the dense-branching morphology (DBM) which appears for sufficiently weak effective anisotropy, and the nature of morphology transitions between the DBM and dendritic growth stabilized by either surface tension or kinetic effects. The DBM is studied in the Hele-Shaw cell, and its structure analyzed by linear stability analysis. A comparison is made between the power spectrum of the structure and the stability analysis. We then provide a detailed account of the morphology diagram and morphology transitions in an anisotropic Hele-Shaw cell. Theoretically the question of morphology transitions is addressed within the boundary-layer model by computing selected velocities as a function of the undercooling for different values of the surface tension and the kinetic term. We argue that the fastest growing morphology is selected whether it is the DBM, surface tension dendrites, or kinetic dendrites. A comparison is made with our experimental results in electrochemical deposition for the correspondence between growth velocities and morphology transitions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26972/1/0000539.pd

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

ARDD 2020: from aging mechanisms to interventions

Aging is emerging as a druggable target with growing interest from academia, industry and investors. New technologies such as artificial intelligence and advanced screening techniques, as well as a strong influence from the industry sector may lead to novel discoveries to treat age-related diseases. The present review summarizes presentations from the 7th Annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting, held online on the 1st to 4th of September 2020. The meeting covered topics related to new methodologies to study aging, knowledge about basic mechanisms of longevity, latest interventional strategies to target the aging process as well as discussions about the impact of aging research on society and economy. More than 2000 participants and 65 speakers joined the meeting and we already look forward to an even larger meeting next year. Please mark your calendars for the 8th ARDD meeting that is scheduled for the 31st of August to 3rd of September, 2021, at Columbia University, USA

Selection of Artwork by Jacob Barosin.

An electronic folder of selected artwork by Jacob Barosin, assembled by his stepson, Peter GarikPeter Garik attempted to preserve the labeling of the Biblical drawings as per those assigned by Jacob Barosin. Most of the Biblical drawings were numbered and labeled by the artist (a few were only numbered), but in many instances the numbers do not follow the sequence of the Bible. Garik attempted to place unnumbered images in proper sequence and provide captions for uncaptioned drawings relying upon recollections of conversations with his stepfather, Jacob Barosin.Biblical DrawingsHolocaust DrawingsContemporary WorksBiblical OilsJacob Judey-Barosin was born in Latvia (then Russian Empire) and grew up in Berlin. He attended the Berlin “Kunst Akademie” under Prof. Eric Wolfsfeld; studied art history at the University of Berlin and earned a Ph.D. in art history from the University of Freiburg. - In 1933, he and his wife Sonia emigrated to Paris. Early in 1943 they were arrested and sent to the deportation camp in Gurs. They were freed by French authorities and went into hiding until their liberation in 1944 in Paris. In 1947 they emigrated to the United States. - Barosin worked as an illustrator for NBC-TV for 15 years. He illustrated the Jewish family bible; painted 18 life-size prophets and had many one-man shows exhibiting his biblical and other works in Israel. His original sketchbook of Gurs is permanently with Yad Vashem in Jerusalem. He wrote a book, “A remnant”, describing his life in France during the Holocaust years; it was published in 1988 by the Holocaust Library. - Barosin’s wife Sonia died in 1973. In December 1976, Barosin married his second wife, Natalie (born Stein), who died in 2006.Peter Garik is the stepson of Jacob Barosin and co-executor of his estate.Richard Greenblattdigitize

Tracking Reactive Intermediates by FTIR Monitoring of Reactions in Low-Temperature Sublimed Solids: Nitric Oxide Disproportionation Mediated by Ruthenium(II) Carbonyl Porphyrin Ru(TPP)(CO)

Interaction of NO (¹⁵NO) with amorphous layers of Ru­(II) carbonyl porphyrin (Ru­(TPP)­(CO), TPP^2‑ = <i>meso</i>-tetraphenylporphyrinato dianion) was monitored by FTIR spectroscopy from 80 K to room temperature. An intermediate spectrally characterized at very low temperatures (110 K) with ν­(CO) at 2001 cm^–1 and ν­(NO) at 1810 cm^–1 (1777 cm^–1 for ¹⁵NO isotopomer) was readily assigned to the mixed carbonyl–nitrosyl complex Ru­(TPP)­(CO)­(NO), which is the logical precursor to CO labilization. Remarkably, Ru­(TPP)-mediated disproportionation of NO is seen even at 110 K, an indication of how facile this reaction is. By varying the quantity of supplied NO, it was also demonstrated that the key intermediate responsible for NO disproportionation is the dinitrosyl complex Ru­(TPP)­(NO)₂, supporting the conclusion previously made from solution experiments

Ordered shapes in nonequilibrium growth

Patterns observed during nonequilibrium growth display complex ordering on many length scales. We focus on ordered patterns which reflect the interplay of microscopic and macroscopic dynamics. The fundamental morphologies which result, and which are the building blocks of more complex patterns, include dendritic and tip-splitting growth. The latter gives rise to the two- dimensional dense-branching morphology (DBM). We review the current understanding of how dendritic growth and the DBM arise from the microscopic dynamics of surface tension and surface kinetics. We emphasize the open questions, with particular attention to the question of developing theory for morphology selection and transitions between dendritic and dense-branching growth. In this context, we review our hypotheses of the selection of the fastest growing morphology, and the existence of first- and second-order-like morphology transitions. Theoretical issues are illustrated using the Hele-Shaw and electrodeposition experiments.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27764/1/0000157.pd

The Formation Of Patterns In Nonequilibrium Growth

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62774/1/343523a0.pd